TY - GEN
T1 - A 4-Channel VTC Peripheral Nerve Interface with 1.7 NEF and 50 mm-deep 600kbps Time-Encoded Wireless Galvanic Link
AU - Lakatos, Ant
AU - Riley, Morgan
AU - Mokogwu, Francis
AU - Bandali, Mehdi
AU - Johnson, Benjamin C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - We present a low-power, 4-channel Voltage-to-Time Converter (VTC) Analog Front-End (AFE) designed for implantable electroneurogram (ENG) monitoring, fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process. With a compact footprint of 0.23 mm2 and a power consumption of 11.22 μ W(2.8 μ W per channel), the AFE achieves an input-referred noise of 2.2 μ Vrms, enabling highfidelity neural signal acquisition. The system integrates a galvanic impulse link for energy-efficient data transmission through deep tissue, supporting data rates exceeding 600kbps without requiring an on-chip ADC. Time-domain encoding ensures charge-balanced operation for safety, while robust signal reconstruction mitigates tissue-induced attenuation and misalignment effects. Validated through bench-top experiments, ex vivo porcine tests, and human tissue phantom studies, the proposed system demonstrates minimal signal distortion and reliable performance across heterogeneous tissue, making it a promising solution for real-time, closedloop neuromodulation in compact, wirelessly powered implants.
AB - We present a low-power, 4-channel Voltage-to-Time Converter (VTC) Analog Front-End (AFE) designed for implantable electroneurogram (ENG) monitoring, fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process. With a compact footprint of 0.23 mm2 and a power consumption of 11.22 μ W(2.8 μ W per channel), the AFE achieves an input-referred noise of 2.2 μ Vrms, enabling highfidelity neural signal acquisition. The system integrates a galvanic impulse link for energy-efficient data transmission through deep tissue, supporting data rates exceeding 600kbps without requiring an on-chip ADC. Time-domain encoding ensures charge-balanced operation for safety, while robust signal reconstruction mitigates tissue-induced attenuation and misalignment effects. Validated through bench-top experiments, ex vivo porcine tests, and human tissue phantom studies, the proposed system demonstrates minimal signal distortion and reliable performance across heterogeneous tissue, making it a promising solution for real-time, closedloop neuromodulation in compact, wirelessly powered implants.
KW - Analog Front-End
KW - Electroneurogram
KW - Galvanic Communication
KW - Implantable Devices
KW - Low-Power Electronics
KW - Neuromodulation
KW - Time-Domain Encoding
KW - Tissue Phantom
KW - Voltage-to-Time Converter
KW - Wireless Neural Interfaces
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105033238020
U2 - 10.1109/BioCAS67066.2025.00093
DO - 10.1109/BioCAS67066.2025.00093
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105033238020
T3 - Proceedings - 21st IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems, BioCAS 2025
SP - 404
EP - 408
BT - Proceedings - 21st IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems, BioCAS 2025
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 21st IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems, BioCAS 2025
Y2 - 16 October 2025 through 18 October 2025
ER -