A 72 × 60 Angle-Sensitive SPAD Imaging Array for Lens-Less FLIM

Changhyuk Lee, Ben Johnson, TaeSung Jung, Alyosha Molnar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a 72 × 60, angle-sensitive single photon avalanche diode (A-SPAD) array for lens-less 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging. An A-SPAD pixel consists of (1) a SPAD to provide precise photon arrival time where a time-resolved operation is utilized to avoid stimulus-induced saturation, and (2) integrated diffraction gratings on top of the SPAD to extract incident angles of the incoming light. The combination enables mapping of fluorescent sources with different lifetimes in 3D space down to micrometer scale. Futhermore, the chip presented herein integrates pixel-level counters to reduce output data-rate and to enable a precise timing control. The array is implemented in standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and characterized without any post-processing. 
Original languageAmerican English
JournalSensors
Volume16
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2016
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • CMOS avalanche photodiodes
  • fluorescence imaging
  • highly sensitivity photodetectors
  • photon timing
  • rangefinder
  • single photon detectors

EGS Disciplines

  • Electrical and Computer Engineering

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