TY - JOUR
T1 - A comprehensive study of key electric vehicle (EV) components, technologies, challenges, impacts, and future direction of development
AU - Un-Noor, Fuad
AU - Padmanaban, Sanjeevikumar
AU - Mihet-Popa, Lucian
AU - Mollah, Mohammad Nurunnabi
AU - Hossain, Eklas
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.
AB - Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.
KW - Charging technologies
KW - Control algorithms
KW - Effects of EVs
KW - Electric vehicle
KW - Energy management
KW - Energy sources
KW - Global EV sales
KW - Limitations of EVs
KW - Motors
KW - Trends and future developments
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027588048&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en10081217
DO - 10.3390/en10081217
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85027588048
VL - 10
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 8
M1 - 1217
ER -
