A promising method for breaking the logjam of time-frequency analysis in astronomy

Time-frequency analysis could provide detailed dynamic information of celestial bodies and is critical for comprehension of astronomical phenomena. However, it is far from being well-developed in astronomy. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is an advanced time-frequency method but has two problems in analysing astronomical signals. One is that many astronomical signals may be composed of multiple components with various amplitudes and frequencies, while HHT uses assisted noises with the same amplitude to extract all components. The other is that HHT is an empirical method requiring tunable parameters to be optimized using experimental results or known facts, which are challenging to obtain in astronomy and it is therefore hard to determine whether the signal decomposition is right or not. In this study, we adjust the noise amplitude to optimize the decomposition based on the orthogonality of the obtained components and discard the decompositions with non-physical results. Three experiments show that this new extension of HHT is an effective method suitable for high-resolution time-frequency analysis in astronomy. It can be used to dig out valuable pieces of information which are inaccessible with other methods, and thus has the potential to open up new avenues for astronomy research.