TY - GEN
T1 - Analysis of a water tank energy storage system for use in a warm water cooled data center
AU - Rose, Isaac
AU - Fleischer, Amy S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 IEEE.
PY - 2016/7/20
Y1 - 2016/7/20
N2 - Increases in cloud computing, social media usage, streaming video and remote data storage are driving up the number and size of data centers. With cooling costs reaching a substantial portion of operating costs, research into a chillerless design called warm water cooling has shown that it can be an effective and less expensive way to provide sufficient cooling throughout most of the year. However, in certain climates warm water cooling, which fluctuates with ambient temperature, is insufficient to keep chip temperatures below a certain threshold during parts of the year. This problem can be overcome by using a cold thermal energy storage system (CTES) in which water cooled during the lower temperatures at night is stored to be used during the day. The project evaluates CTES systems for data center applications using analytical modeling and applies the model to illustrate improved performance of a warm water cooled data center. Several different CTES systems are considered. A 1-D Plug Flow numerical model is developed and used to predict the temperature distribution in a stratified water storage tank. The model accounts for mixing near the inlets and heat transfer due to conduction throughout the tank. Overall heat transfer coefficients are used to account for heat transfer through the tank walls. The model is validated against experimental data. The validated water storage model is integrated into a data center system level model tool.
AB - Increases in cloud computing, social media usage, streaming video and remote data storage are driving up the number and size of data centers. With cooling costs reaching a substantial portion of operating costs, research into a chillerless design called warm water cooling has shown that it can be an effective and less expensive way to provide sufficient cooling throughout most of the year. However, in certain climates warm water cooling, which fluctuates with ambient temperature, is insufficient to keep chip temperatures below a certain threshold during parts of the year. This problem can be overcome by using a cold thermal energy storage system (CTES) in which water cooled during the lower temperatures at night is stored to be used during the day. The project evaluates CTES systems for data center applications using analytical modeling and applies the model to illustrate improved performance of a warm water cooled data center. Several different CTES systems are considered. A 1-D Plug Flow numerical model is developed and used to predict the temperature distribution in a stratified water storage tank. The model accounts for mixing near the inlets and heat transfer due to conduction throughout the tank. Overall heat transfer coefficients are used to account for heat transfer through the tank walls. The model is validated against experimental data. The validated water storage model is integrated into a data center system level model tool.
KW - Phase change material
KW - Thermal Energy Storage
KW - Warm water cooling
KW - underground energy storage
KW - water storage tank
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84983372401&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ITHERM.2016.7517694
DO - 10.1109/ITHERM.2016.7517694
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84983372401
T3 - Proceedings of the 15th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, ITherm 2016
SP - 1273
EP - 1279
BT - Proceedings of the 15th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, ITherm 2016
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 15th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, ITherm 2016
Y2 - 31 May 2016 through 3 June 2016
ER -