Exploring alternative approaches to the one-shot

This article poses the question: Is it possible or desirable to have an information literacy instruction program without any one-shots? It reviews the critiques of the one-shot model, then explores the literature on four alternative approaches with potential for large-scale, systemic implementation: curriculum-integrated information literacy instruction, assignment design, digital learning objects (DLOs), and faculty development. Then it examines examples of each of the four alternative approaches to teaching information literacy that have potential to be both impactful and sustainable. It discusses the strengths and challenges of each model, as well as barriers to large-scale change. Finally, the authors provide recommendations and practical tips to sustainably shift away from an overreliance on one-shot instruction, based on findings from the literature and their own experiences.