@inbook{b4da50b037844905bcccc2e8dd6e32bc,
title = "Formative Learning Design in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis, Synthesis, and Critique of Learning Design and Delivery Practices",
abstract = "Diverse publications have begun to report the various learning design and delivery practices of instructors during or in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to their developmental nature in facing unprecedented challenges within new learning environments/experiences, we consider these practices a form of formative design. To further clarify and advance a common notion of formative design, we offer a synthesis and grounded critique of published design cases and reflective papers published in select academic/peer-reviewed journals. Our analysis of these publications was guided by two research questions: (RQ1) What learning design and delivery practices were reported by educators during or in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic? (RQ2) Taking into account contexts, what unique or new learning design and delivery practices appeared during, or in relation to, the COVID-19 pandemic? Our findings suggest that five themes characterize the reported learning design and delivery practices during the pandemic: minimizing stress, reacting to change, iterative loops, strengthening systems, and online learning activities. The majority of these design and delivery practices were new to instructors.",
author = "Ahmed Lachheb and Jacob Fortman and Victoria Abramenka-Lachheb and Peter Arashiro and Le, \{Ruth N.\} and Hedieh Najafi",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-41950-8\_8",
language = "American English",
isbn = "978-3-031-41950-8",
series = "Educational Communications and Technology: Issues and Innovations ",
publisher = "Springer Nature Link",
pages = "93--113",
editor = "Brad Hokanson and Matthew Schmidt and Exter, \{Marisa E.\} and Tawfik, \{Andrew A.\} and Yvonne Earnshaw",
booktitle = "Formative Design in Learning",
}