Gδ-sets in topological spaces and games

Winfried Just, Marion Scheepers, Juris Steprans, Paul J. Szeptycki

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Players ONE and TWO play the following game: In the nth inning ONE chooses a set On from a prescribed family ℱ of subsets of a space X; TWO responds by choosing an open subset Tn of X. The players must obey the rule that On ⊆ On+1 ⊆ Tn+1 ⊆ Tn for each n. TWO wins if the intersection of TWO's sets is equal to the union of ONE's sets. If ONE has no winning strategy, then each element of ℱ is a Gδ-set. To what extent is the converse true? We show that: (A) For ℱ the collection of countable subsets of X: 1. There are subsets of the real line for which neither player has a winning strategy in this game. 2. The statement "If X is a set of real numbers, then ONE does not have a winning strategy if, and only if, every countable subset of X is a Gδ-set" is independent of the axioms of classical mathematics. 3. There are spaces whose countable subsets are Gδ-sets, and yet ONE has a winning strategy in this game. 4. For a hereditarily Lindelöf space X, TWO has a winning strategy if, and only if, X is countable. (B) For ℱ the collection of Fσ-subsets of a subset X of the real line the determinacy of this game is independent of ZFC.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)41-58
Number of pages18
JournalFundamenta Mathematicae
Volume153
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1997

Keywords

  • A-set
  • A-set
  • A-set, b, d
  • Concentrated set
  • Game
  • Lusin set
  • Perfectly meager set
  • Q-set
  • Rothberger's property c″
  • S-set
  • Sierpiński set
  • Strategy
  • λ-set
  • σ-set

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