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Hankel determinants for some common lattice paths

  • Robert A. Sulanke
  • , Guoce Xin
  • University of Kentucky

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

28 Scopus citations

Abstract

For a fixed positive integer ℓ, let f (n, ℓ) denote the number of lattice paths that use the steps (1, 1), (1, - 1), and (ℓ, 0), that run from (0, 0) to (n, 0), and that never run below the horizontal axis. Equivalently, f (n, ℓ) satisfies the quadratic functional equation F (x) = ∑n ≥ 0 f (n, ℓ) xn = 1 + x F (x) + x2 F (x)2. Let Hn denote the n by n Hankel matrix, defined so that (Hn)i, j = f (i + j - 2, ℓ). Here we investigate the values of their determinants where ℓ = 1, 2, 3. For ℓ = 1, 2 we are able to employ the Gessel-Viennot-Lindström method. For the case ℓ = 3, the sequence of determinants forms a sequence of period 14, namely,(det (Hn))n ≥ 1 = (1, 1, 0, 0, - 1, - 1, - 1, - 1, - 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, - 1, - 1, - 1, ...) . For this case we are able to use the continued fractions method recently introduced by Gessel and Xin. We also apply this technique to evaluate Hankel determinants for other generating functions satisfying a certain type of quadratic functional equation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)149-167
Number of pages19
JournalAdvances in Applied Mathematics
Volume40
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2008

Keywords

  • Continued fractions
  • Gessel-Viennot-Lindström
  • Hankel determinants
  • Lattice paths

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