TY - JOUR
T1 - Implementation of a Secure Firearm Storage Program in Pediatric Primary Care
T2 - A Cluster Randomized Trial
AU - Beidas, Rinad S.
AU - Linn, Kristin A.
AU - Boggs, Jennifer M.
AU - Marcus, Steven C.
AU - Hoskins, Katelin
AU - Jager-Hyman, Shari
AU - Johnson, Christina
AU - Maye, Melissa
AU - Quintana, Leeann
AU - Wolk, Courtney Benjamin
AU - Wright, Leslie
AU - Pappas, Celeste
AU - Beck, Arne
AU - Bedjeti, Katy
AU - Buttenheim, Alison M.
AU - Daley, Matthew F.
AU - Elias, Marisa
AU - Lyons, Jason
AU - Martin, Melissa Lynne
AU - McArdle, Bridget
AU - Ritzwoller, Debra P.
AU - Small, Dylan S.
AU - Williams, Nathaniel J.
AU - Zhang, Shiling
AU - Ahmedani, Brian K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/11/4
Y1 - 2024/11/4
N2 - Importance: Increased secure firearm storage can reduce youth firearm injury and mortality, a leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the US. Despite the availability of evidence-based secure firearm storage programs and recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics, few pediatric clinicians report routinely implementing these programs. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR) documentation template (nudge) and the nudge plus facilitation (ie, clinic support to implement the program; nudge+) at promoting delivery of a brief evidence-based secure firearm storage program (SAFE Firearm) that includes counseling about secure firearm storage and free cable locks during all pediatric well visits. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Adolescent and Child Suicide Prevention in Routine Clinical Encounters (ASPIRE) unblinded parallel cluster randomized effectiveness-implementation trial was conducted from March 14, 2022, to March 20, 2023, to test the hypothesis that, relative to nudge, nudge+ would result in delivery of the firearm storage program to an additional 10% or more of the eligible population, and that this difference would be statistically significant. Thirty pediatric primary care clinics in 2 US health care systems (in Michigan and Colorado) were included, excluding clinics that were not the primary site for participating health care professionals and a subset selected at random due to resource limitations. All pediatric well visits at participating clinics for youth ages 5 to 17 years were analyzed. Interventions: Clinics were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the nudge or nudge+. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient-level outcomes were modeled to estimate the primary outcome, reach, which is a visit-level binary indicator of whether the parent received both components of the firearm storage program (counseling and lock), as documented by the clinician in the EHR. Secondary outcomes explored individual program component delivery. Results: A total of 47307 well-child visits (median [IQR] age, 11.3 [8.1-14.4] years; 24210 [51.2%] male and 23091 [48.8%] female) among 46597 children and 368 clinicians were eligible to receive the firearm storage program during the trial and were included in analyses. Using the intention-To-Treat principle, a higher percentage of well-child visits received the firearm storage program in the nudge+ condition (49%; 95% CI, 37-61) compared to nudge (22%; 95% CI, 13-31). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the EHR strategy combined with facilitation (nudge+) was more effective at increasing delivery of an evidence-based secure firearm storage program compared to nudge alone.
AB - Importance: Increased secure firearm storage can reduce youth firearm injury and mortality, a leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the US. Despite the availability of evidence-based secure firearm storage programs and recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics, few pediatric clinicians report routinely implementing these programs. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR) documentation template (nudge) and the nudge plus facilitation (ie, clinic support to implement the program; nudge+) at promoting delivery of a brief evidence-based secure firearm storage program (SAFE Firearm) that includes counseling about secure firearm storage and free cable locks during all pediatric well visits. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Adolescent and Child Suicide Prevention in Routine Clinical Encounters (ASPIRE) unblinded parallel cluster randomized effectiveness-implementation trial was conducted from March 14, 2022, to March 20, 2023, to test the hypothesis that, relative to nudge, nudge+ would result in delivery of the firearm storage program to an additional 10% or more of the eligible population, and that this difference would be statistically significant. Thirty pediatric primary care clinics in 2 US health care systems (in Michigan and Colorado) were included, excluding clinics that were not the primary site for participating health care professionals and a subset selected at random due to resource limitations. All pediatric well visits at participating clinics for youth ages 5 to 17 years were analyzed. Interventions: Clinics were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the nudge or nudge+. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient-level outcomes were modeled to estimate the primary outcome, reach, which is a visit-level binary indicator of whether the parent received both components of the firearm storage program (counseling and lock), as documented by the clinician in the EHR. Secondary outcomes explored individual program component delivery. Results: A total of 47307 well-child visits (median [IQR] age, 11.3 [8.1-14.4] years; 24210 [51.2%] male and 23091 [48.8%] female) among 46597 children and 368 clinicians were eligible to receive the firearm storage program during the trial and were included in analyses. Using the intention-To-Treat principle, a higher percentage of well-child visits received the firearm storage program in the nudge+ condition (49%; 95% CI, 37-61) compared to nudge (22%; 95% CI, 13-31). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the EHR strategy combined with facilitation (nudge+) was more effective at increasing delivery of an evidence-based secure firearm storage program compared to nudge alone.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85203124194&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3274
DO - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3274
M3 - Article
C2 - 39226027
AN - SCOPUS:85203124194
SN - 2168-6203
VL - 178
SP - 1104
EP - 1113
JO - JAMA Pediatrics
JF - JAMA Pediatrics
IS - 11
ER -