Mechanical properties of DNA-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels with increasing crosslinker density

DNA-cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogels (DNA gels) are dynamic mechanical substrates. The addition of DNA oligomers can either increase or decrease the crosslinker density to modulate mechanical properties. These DNA-responsive gels show promise as substrates for cell culture and tissue-engineering applications, since the gels allow time-dependent mechanical modulation. Previously, we reported that fibroblasts plated on DNA gels responded to modulation in elasticity via an increase or decrease in crosslinker density. To better characterize fibroblast mechanical signals, changes in stress and elastic modulus of DNA gels were measured over time as crosslinker density altered. In a previous study, we observed that as crosslinker density decreased, stress was generated, and elasticity changed over time; however, we had not evaluated stress and elastic modulus measurements of DNA gels as crosslinker density increased. Here, we completed this set of fibroblast studies by reporting stress and elastic modulus measurements over time as the crosslinker density increased. We found that the stress generated and the elastic modulus alterations were correlated. Hence, it seemed impossible to separate the effect of stress from the effect of modulus changes for fibroblasts plated on DNA gels. Yet, previous results and controls revealed that stress contributed to fibroblast behavior.