Seismic Evidence of Magmatic Rifting in the Offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Andrew C. Gase; Harm J.A. Van Avendonk; Nathan L. Bangs; Thomas W. Luckie; Daniel H.N. Barker; Stuart A. Henrys; Dan Bassett; David A. Okaya; Katrina M. Jacobs; Shuichi Kodaira; Gou Fujie; Adrien F. Arnulf; Yojiro Yamamoto

doi:10.1029/2019GL085269

Seismic Evidence of Magmatic Rifting in the Offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Andrew C. Gase, Harm J.A. Van Avendonk, Nathan L. Bangs, Thomas W. Luckie, Daniel H.N. Barker, Stuart A. Henrys, Dan Bassett, David A. Okaya, Katrina M. Jacobs, Shuichi Kodaira, Gou Fujie, Adrien F. Arnulf, Yojiro Yamamoto

Geosciences Department

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Relationships between extensional tectonics and magmatism are ubiquitous in continental rifts and oceanic spreading centers. Yet few studies document interactions between extensional faults and mantle melts in volcanic arcs. We constrain the crustal structure of the extensional offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) from a marine multichannel and wide-angle seismic experiment. The TVZ crust thins from >26 km to ∼18–19 km across ∼50 km in the Bay of Plenty. Elevated P wave velocities in the lower crust indicate mafic additions. Magmatic sills between 4- and 15-km depth lie beneath listric normal faults in a ∼40-km-wide active rift zone. P wave velocities in the middle and upper crust along the arc front are ∼0.3–0.5 km/s slower than in the adjacent crust, indicating a possible thermal anomaly imparted by heat from magmatic intrusions. We propose that rifting in the offshore TVZ is partially compensated by intrusions and assisted by thermal weakening of the lithosphere.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	12949-12957
Number of pages	9
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	46
Issue number	22
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085269
State	Published - 28 Nov 2019

Keywords

arc volcanism
crustal structure
magmatic rifting
Taupo Volcanic Zone
thermal weakening
volcanic intrusions

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Gase, A. C., Van Avendonk, H. J. A., Bangs, N. L., Luckie, T. W., Barker, D. H. N., Henrys, S. A., Bassett, D., Okaya, D. A., Jacobs, K. M., Kodaira, S., Fujie, G., Arnulf, A. F., & Yamamoto, Y. (2019). Seismic Evidence of Magmatic Rifting in the Offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(22), 12949-12957. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085269

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abstract = "Relationships between extensional tectonics and magmatism are ubiquitous in continental rifts and oceanic spreading centers. Yet few studies document interactions between extensional faults and mantle melts in volcanic arcs. We constrain the crustal structure of the extensional offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) from a marine multichannel and wide-angle seismic experiment. The TVZ crust thins from >26 km to ∼18–19 km across ∼50 km in the Bay of Plenty. Elevated P wave velocities in the lower crust indicate mafic additions. Magmatic sills between 4- and 15-km depth lie beneath listric normal faults in a ∼40-km-wide active rift zone. P wave velocities in the middle and upper crust along the arc front are ∼0.3–0.5 km/s slower than in the adjacent crust, indicating a possible thermal anomaly imparted by heat from magmatic intrusions. We propose that rifting in the offshore TVZ is partially compensated by intrusions and assisted by thermal weakening of the lithosphere.",

keywords = "arc volcanism, crustal structure, magmatic rifting, Taupo Volcanic Zone, thermal weakening, volcanic intrusions",

author = "Gase, {Andrew C.} and {Van Avendonk}, {Harm J.A.} and Bangs, {Nathan L.} and Luckie, {Thomas W.} and Barker, {Daniel H.N.} and Henrys, {Stuart A.} and Dan Bassett and Okaya, {David A.} and Jacobs, {Katrina M.} and Shuichi Kodaira and Gou Fujie and Arnulf, {Adrien F.} and Yojiro Yamamoto",

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AU - Gase, Andrew C.

AU - Van Avendonk, Harm J.A.

AU - Bangs, Nathan L.

AU - Luckie, Thomas W.

AU - Barker, Daniel H.N.

AU - Henrys, Stuart A.

AU - Bassett, Dan

AU - Okaya, David A.

AU - Jacobs, Katrina M.

AU - Kodaira, Shuichi

AU - Fujie, Gou

AU - Arnulf, Adrien F.

AU - Yamamoto, Yojiro

PY - 2019/11/28

Y1 - 2019/11/28

N2 - Relationships between extensional tectonics and magmatism are ubiquitous in continental rifts and oceanic spreading centers. Yet few studies document interactions between extensional faults and mantle melts in volcanic arcs. We constrain the crustal structure of the extensional offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) from a marine multichannel and wide-angle seismic experiment. The TVZ crust thins from >26 km to ∼18–19 km across ∼50 km in the Bay of Plenty. Elevated P wave velocities in the lower crust indicate mafic additions. Magmatic sills between 4- and 15-km depth lie beneath listric normal faults in a ∼40-km-wide active rift zone. P wave velocities in the middle and upper crust along the arc front are ∼0.3–0.5 km/s slower than in the adjacent crust, indicating a possible thermal anomaly imparted by heat from magmatic intrusions. We propose that rifting in the offshore TVZ is partially compensated by intrusions and assisted by thermal weakening of the lithosphere.

AB - Relationships between extensional tectonics and magmatism are ubiquitous in continental rifts and oceanic spreading centers. Yet few studies document interactions between extensional faults and mantle melts in volcanic arcs. We constrain the crustal structure of the extensional offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) from a marine multichannel and wide-angle seismic experiment. The TVZ crust thins from >26 km to ∼18–19 km across ∼50 km in the Bay of Plenty. Elevated P wave velocities in the lower crust indicate mafic additions. Magmatic sills between 4- and 15-km depth lie beneath listric normal faults in a ∼40-km-wide active rift zone. P wave velocities in the middle and upper crust along the arc front are ∼0.3–0.5 km/s slower than in the adjacent crust, indicating a possible thermal anomaly imparted by heat from magmatic intrusions. We propose that rifting in the offshore TVZ is partially compensated by intrusions and assisted by thermal weakening of the lithosphere.

KW - arc volcanism

KW - crustal structure

KW - magmatic rifting

KW - Taupo Volcanic Zone

KW - thermal weakening

KW - volcanic intrusions

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DO - 10.1029/2019GL085269

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JO - Geophysical Research Letters

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Seismic Evidence of Magmatic Rifting in the Offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Abstract

Keywords

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