What are Patterns and Predictors of CICO Participation in U.S. Schools?

Check In Check Out (CICO; Crone, Hawken, & Horner, 2010) is one of the most empirically supported Tier 2 behavior interventions for students who require additional supports to experience success (Campbell & Anderson, 2011; Maggin, Zurheide, Pickett, & Baillie, 2015). CICO incorporates regular performance feedback and adult interaction throughout the day in alignment with school-wide expectations. Performance feedback includes both reinforcing and corrective functions and is provided several times throughout the day so that the student has an opportunity to adjust behavior for the next check-in period. Interactions between the student and adult are designed to be efficient, structured, positive, and consistent. Increasing positive student-adult interactions has been linked to improved positive adult-child relationships (Anderson, Christenson, Sinclair, & Lehr, 2004) and may lead to improved student engagement, attendance, and work completion (Hamre & Pianta, 2001; Woolley & Grogan-Kaylor, 2006).